In times of crisis, we look to our leaders for guidance, support, and reassurance.
But what happens when those we trust to lead are more concerned
with their own image than the well-being of those they serve?
New research reveals a troubling truth: narcissistic leaders, though often charismatic and persuasive, may be the very individuals most likely to create toxic environments.
Why Do Narcissists Make Such Poor Leaders
When we think of effective leadership, qualities like charisma, confidence, and resilience often come to mind. In times of crisis - such as the COVID-19 pandemic - we especially need leaders who can inspire, reassure, and offer clear guidance. But what happens when that confidence stems not from genuine dedication but from a narcissistic drive for personal glory? Research suggests that narcissistic leaders, while often charismatic and persuasive, may lack the empathy and integrity necessary for genuine leadership, leading to workplace toxicity and diminished team morale.
The Narcissistic Paradox in Leadership
Leaders high in narcissism can seem charismatic and visionary, which often helps them rise to leadership positions. As German researchers (3) observed, narcissists may thrive in environments where public presence and persuasion are valued. However, the flip side of this charisma often involves low levels of empathy and integrity. For teams and organizations, this dynamic can lead to emotional exhaustion and disengagement. Narcissistic leaders may view followers as steppingstones rather than valued collaborators, leading to a cycle of manipulation, insensitivity, and even hostility in the workplace.
Empathy vs. Narcissism: The Cost of Emotional Disconnect
A narcissistic leader’s need for admiration can translate into a harmful environment where subordinates feel belittled or dismissed. Psychologists (2) highlight the importance of the “empathy-altruism hypothesis” in leadership, noting that leaders who are empathetic show genuine concern for others, which fosters a cooperative, supportive environment. In contrast, narcissistic leaders often lack this emotional depth, leading to environments where people feel undervalued and discouraged. For followers with vulnerabilities of their own - such as those with high levels of self-doubt - this toxic atmosphere can be especially damaging.
Why Empathy Matters in Leadership
Empathy, studies suggest, can create a neurological connection between leaders and their team members. Researchers at the Catholic University of Milan (1) found that high-empathy leaders fostered better “interpersonal tuning” with their employees, which was evident in their brain activity. When managers used understanding and supportive feedback, it created a sense of harmony and cooperation that wasn’t present when leaders provided only numerical performance ratings.
This "tuning" process, where empathy enhances connection, isn’t just beneficial for the individual worker - it strengthens the organization as a whole. When employees know their leaders truly care, they tend to show more loyalty, engagement, and even experience better health. In a world where burnout is common, empathetic leadership can make a tangible difference in employee well-being.
How to Counteract Narcissistic Tendencies in Leadership
Organizations need to emphasize empathy as a core competency
when selecting and promoting leaders.
Nowack and Zak (2) suggest empathy antidotes, such as fostering a culture of appreciation and actively cultivating an empathy mindset. This approach means prioritizing group goals over personal accolades, which can be challenging for those with narcissistic traits but essential for creating a healthy and productive work environment.
The Path to Better Leadership
Narcissistic individuals may always find their way into leadership roles due to their charisma and resilience. However, with an intentional focus on empathy, we can identify and promote those who genuinely care about the well-being of their teams. Leaders who put the group’s needs above personal ambitions create environments where employees feel valued, respected, and empowered.
While narcissistic traits may initially make some people appear suited for leadership,
true leadership success comes from an empathetic and altruistic approach
that prioritizes the well-being of others.
References
1. Balconi, M., Venturella, I., Fronda, G., & Vanutelli, M. E. (2020). Leader-employee emotional “interpersonal tuning” An EEG coherence study. Social Neuroscience, 15(2):234–243.
2. Nowack, K., & Zak, P. (2020). Empathy enhancing antidotes for interpersonally toxic leaders. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. 72(2):119-133.
3. Wirtz, N., & Rigotti, T. (2020). When grandiose meets vulnerable: Narcissism and well-being in the organizational context. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 29(4):556-569.
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